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尼尔．阿姆斯壮于1969年7月20日登上月球时说：「这是我的一小步，却是人类的大跃进。
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美国在这个时期里的发展与成长主要受到协助欧洲从第二次世界大战中复兴起来，以及美国介入其他战争 (主要是和苏联的冷战，以及越战与韩战) 的影响。美国和苏联的冷战并不是一场真正的战争，这个名词代表的是美国与这个崩解后称为苏俄的前共产国家之间不友好的冷淡关系。在美国内部，共产主义在1950年代引发的「红色惊恐」 (Red
Scare) ，也促成了麦卡锡听证会的结果。参议员约瑟夫．麦卡锡 (Joseph
McCarthy) 指控许多美国人过去曾经是共产党员，这项指控使许多艺术家、老师，以及政府官员因此失去工作。
有几位重要的人物协助架构了美国的现代时期，包括爱莲娜．罗斯福、马丁．路德．金恩二世 (Martin
Luther King Jr.) 、约翰．肯尼迪，以及理查．尼克松。在这个时期里，美国人登上月球、发起了公民权利运动与妇女争取平等权利的运动、与中华人民共和国创建关系，同时也见证了苏联与东欧共产主义的崩溃。
The development and growth of the United States during this era was influenced by helping Europe recover from World War II and U.S. involvement in other wars--mainly the Cold War with the Soviet Union and the Vietnam and Korean Wars. (The Cold War was not a real war with the Soviet Union; this term refers to the chilly relations the U.S. had with the formerly communist nation, which, since its breakup, is called Russia.) In the States, the "Red Scare" of communism of 1950 resulted in the McCarthy hearings. Senator Joseph McCarthy accused many Americans of being communists, which led to loss of employment for many artists, teachers, and government employees.
Several prominent figures, including Eleanor Roosevelt, Martin Luther King Jr., John Kennedy, and Richard Nixon, helped shape America's modern era. During this time, Americans went to the moon, ushered in the civil rights movement and the fight for equal rights for women, established relations with China, and witnessed the fall of communism in Russia and Eastern Europe.
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