Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is wellknown for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good twolane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy
8. A. when B. for C. but D. that
9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
11. A. and B. less C. more D. or
12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
15. A. there B. when C. which D. where
PART Ⅱ
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION［25 MIN.］
In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
Before the mid1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders. Each new “endoftrack” became a center for animaldrawn or waterborne transportation. The major effect of the railroad was to shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid. The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada. Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific. The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit. In the words of an economist, this was a case of “premature enterprise”, where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together.
16. The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860’s as “limited” because ____.
A. the track did not take the direct route from one city to the next
B. passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportatio
n to reach western destinations
C. passengers preferred stagecoaches
D. railroad travel was quite expensive
17. What can be inferred about coaches and wagon freighters as the railroad expanded?
A. They developed competing routes.
B. Their drivers refused to work for the railroads.
C. They began to specialize in private investment.
D. There were insufficient numbers of trained people to operate them.
18. Why does the author mention the Sierra Nevada in line 17?
A. To argue that a more direct route to the West could have been taken.
B. To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West.
C. To point out the location of a serious train accident.
D. To give an example of an obstacle faced by the central pacific.
19. The word “subsidy” in line 27 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. persuasion B. financing C. explanation D. penalty
TEXT B
Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddishbrown to sandcolor and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumbershaped—hence their name—and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate—feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provid their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.
20. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?
A. It helps them to digest their food.
B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger.
C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.
D. It makes them attractive to fish.
21. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses ____.
A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers
B. the food sources of sea cucumbers
C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers
D. threats to sea cucumbers’ existence
22. What can be inferred about the defence mechanisms of the sea cucumber?
A. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.
B. They are almost useless.
C. They require group cooperation.
D. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.
23. Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its
internal organs into the water?
A. A touch. B. Food.
C. Unusually warm water. D. Pollution.
TEXT C
Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meateating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip—a little chip of silicon crystal. It is smaller than a fingernail, but it can store more than a million “bits” of information. It is an electronic brain.Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways.In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?
24. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.
A. was one of the first tools
B. developed human capabilities
C. led to the invention of machines
D. was crucial to the development of mankind
25. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.
A. disastrous B. unpredictable
C. exciting D. colorful
TEXT D
California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska ) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are driedup lake beds.In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
26. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?
A. Lake Tulainyo.B. Mojave desert.
C. Death Valley.D. The Salton Sea.
27. Where is the highest point in the United States located?
A. Lake Tahoe.B. Sierra Nevada.
C. Mount Whitney.D. Alaska.
28. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?
A. About 3 miles.B. Only 100 miles.
C. 282 feet.D. 14,494 feet.
29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?
A. The Pacific Ocean.
B. San Joaquin Valley.
C. Mojave Desert.
D. Oregon and Washington.
30. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?
A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.
B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.
C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean
all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.
D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.
SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
31. The purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvae
B. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoes
C. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoes
D. give a general description of mosquito development
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Each variety of mosquito has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
32. The main idea of the passage is _____.
A. how to play tennis
B. how to win a tennis match
C. the general introduction of the game
D. what is a game in tennis
33. The author drives his point home by _____.
A. giving the details
B. explaining step by step
C. offering strong proofs
D. making vivid descriptions
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point.The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses.A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
34. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at _____.
A. the carousel
B. the Immigration Hall
C. the customs
D. the Arrivals Hall
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Arriving at London airports
Just follow these simple steps for a troublefree arrival.
Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or
transferring to a UK domestic flight.
This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your
passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.
At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the
carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed
downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel
indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags.
To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the
Green Channel if you have no goods to declare.
You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport in
to central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and
transfer to UK domestic flights.
TEXT H
First read the following questions.
35. The total amount of cooking time for each vegetable is ______.
A. 4 minutes for the potatoes and 10 minutes for the cucumber
B. 10 minutes for the potatoes and 4 minutes for the cucumber
C. 4 minutes for the cucumber and 14 minutes for the potatoes
D. 14 minutes for the cucumber and 4 minutes for the potatoes
36. Which of the following statements agrees with the menu directions?
A. The dish is enough to go round.
B. Four serving spoons are needed.
C. The dish is to be shared by four persons.
D. Four guests can help themselves to the dish.
37. According to this recipe, _____.
A. parsley, salt and pepper are to be added by a sprinkler
B. the dish has to be properly seasoned with salt and pepper
C. parsley is used for decoration
D. the dish must be tossed to everybody’s taste
Now read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Recipe
Potatoes and Cucumber with Parsley
2 potatoes, about 3/4 pound
1 cucumber, about 3/4 pound
1 tablespoon butter
1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley
Salt and pepper to taste
Peel the potatoes. Split them in half lengthwise, then cut into quarters.
Put the potatoes in a small skillet with water to cover. Bring to the boil and cook about 10 minutes.
Meanwhile scrape the cucumber. Cut it into 11/2inch lengths. Cut each length in half.
When the potatoes have cooked 10 minutes, add the cucumbers. Cook about four minutes. Drain.
Add the butter to the vegetables and toss. Sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste and serve.
Yielding: 4 servings.
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
38. How does a student know what the homework assignments are?
A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class.
B. The student reads the list on the next page.
C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week in class.
D. The student goes to the professor’s office and asks.
39. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maxi
mum length
his paper can be?
A. Fifteen pages. B. Twentyfive pages.
C. Ten pages. D. No maximum.
40. If a student cannot see Prof. Klammer during her office hours, what should he do?
A. See her after class.
B. Call her at home.
C. Ask another student.
D. Make an appointment with her.
Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
COURSE OUTLINE FOR HISTORY 101,
DR. JANE KLAMMER
COURSE: History 101 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer
“Introduction to American OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall
History” OFFICE HOURS: 11.15～12.30 M W F
CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3.35～5.00 T Th
10:10～11:00 M W F Other times by appointment
TELEPHONE: 255-4786
TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P., The American Tradition: A History of the United States, Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984(available at the College Bookstore)
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
midterm exam: October 10 20% of the final grade
final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade
term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade
Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information
given in the class lectures. In the lectures I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student.
Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework readings, I will announce them in class.
The term paper is 40 percent of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twentyfive pages.)
Before the midterm exam you will choose the topic for your paper.
Have a good semester!
重 点 词 汇
twolane: 双车道
freight: 货运
stagecoach: 公共马车
waterborne: 水运地, 水上地
shrink: 收缩
foreshadow: 成为前兆; 暗示; 预示
skepticism: 怀疑论
semiarid: 半干旱的
deter: 制止; 使断念头
subsidy:补助金；津贴
bluntly:坦率地；率直地
unpromising: 无前途的
sea cucumber: 海参
bizarre: 奇异的
eccentricity: 古怪；怪癖；古怪的行为
edible: 可食用的
gourmet: 美食家
subsist: 生存，存在
tentacle: 触须；触角
crevice: 裂缝
predator: 掠夺者；食肉动物
voracious:狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的
metabolic: 变化的；新陈代谢的
quiescent:静止的；不动的
ratefeeding: 供给饲料的
multiply: 繁殖
squirt: 喷出，溅出
silicon crystal: 硅晶体
eviscerate: 取出内脏；取出精华部分
surf: 冲浪
altitude: 高度
abound：大量存在；充满
accumulation: 累计；聚集物
hatch:孵化
larvae:幼虫
serve: 发球
proceed: 开始；进行下去
claim: 认领；主张
carousel: (机场中的)行李传送带；马术比赛
to clear customs: 通关
declare:申报
parsley:西芹
skillet: 长柄浅锅
scrape: 刮，擦
toss: 颠炒
sprinkle:洒
yielding:产出
supplement: 增补
参考答案及详解
1. A) 此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同的，例如：although是表示转折关系的；since，because，therefore是表示原因关系的。通过阅
17. D)这是一道推论题。可用排除法做此题。根据文章第六行至第七行“rather they became supplements or feeders”和第十行至第十三行“Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid.”可知随着铁路线的不断延伸，马车货运的路线日益减少，虽然马车货运经营者们继续在西部发展货运线路，但是它们只是铁路运输的补充。因此选项A“他们发展了有竞争性的线路”可以排除。而选项B、C文中
根本没有提及。故只有选项D为正确答案。
18. D)根据“the Sierra Nevada”所在句可知作者提到它是因为它是修建横跨东西铁路的一个巨大的障碍，故D为正确答案。
Cities contain the very ___1___ aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: …
1. A. well B. good C.better D. best
根据第二句中的语法线索the very worst，我们就可以肯定此空也要用形容词最高级，又因
为这两句是对比句，所以只能选D。
词汇线索
有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了所应填
入的词。这些词就构成了选择答案时的词汇线索。例如：
Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to ___1___ themselves to the new medium were technical.
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if
inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
Who won the World Cup 1998 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? ___ 1 ___ an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic ___ 2 ___, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,
from those who make it to those who want to ___ 3 ___ it. Radio, telegraph, television
, and ___ 4 ___ inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. ___ 5 ____, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly make use of the newer and faster means
of communication to improve the ___ 6 ___ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are ___ 7 ___ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers ___ 8 ___ of the latest news, today’s newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices ___ 9 ___ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very ___ 10 ___. Newspapers are sold at a price that ___ 11 ___ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main ___ 12 ___ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The success i
n selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This ___ 13 ___ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment ___ 14 ___ in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as source of information___ 15 ___ the community, city, country, state, nation and world and even outer space.
1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Befor
e
2. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose
3. A. make B. publish C. know D. write
4. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other
5. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So
6. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed
7. A. spread B. passed C. printed [DW]D. completed
8. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. infor
med
9. A. on B. through C. with D. of
10.A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose
11.A. tries to cover B. manages to cover
C. fails to cover D. succeeds in
12.A. source B. origin C. course D. finance
13.A. measures B. measured
C. is measured D. was measured
14. A. offering B. offered
C. which offered D. to be offered
15.A. by B. with C. at D. about
PART Ⅱ
READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］
In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sunbaked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters” —corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
The way of life of lesssettled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales.
They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis.
16. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings.
B. The movement of American Indians across North America.
C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians.
D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.
17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ ___.
A. very small
B. highly advanced
C. difficult to defend
D. quickly constructed
TEXT B
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP]
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.)
In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis”, meaning “harbor waves”, because they reach a sizable height only in harbors.
Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves.
But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground.
There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.
18. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?
A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.
B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.
C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.
D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.
19. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ___ ___.
A. faulty building construction
B. an earthquake’s strength
C. widespread panic in earthquakes
D. ineffective instruments
20. The United Nations’ experts are supposed to ___ ___.
A. construct strong buildings
B. put forward proposals
C. detect disastrous earthquakes
D. monitor earthquakes
21. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may
___ ___.
A. notice them out at sea
B. find ways to stop them
C. be warned early enough
D. develop warning systems
TEXT C
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or super
natural beings, and mimed the desired effect－success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
22. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The origins of theater.
B. The role of ritual in modern dance.
C. The importance of storytelling.
D. The variety of early religious activities.
23. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable.
B. The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots.
D. The importance of costumes in early drama.
24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
A. Dance.B. Costumes.C. Music.D. Magic.
25. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual
and drama?
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
B. Ritual is shorter than drama.
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.
26. The passage supports which of the following statements?
A. No one really knows how the theater began.
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance.
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.
TEXT D
People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet. The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picturewriting and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.
27. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and
Spain because ___ ___.
A. the hunters wanted to see the pictures
B. the painters were animal lovers
C. the painters wanted to show imagination
D. the pictures were thought to be helpful
28. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following
reasons EXCEPT that ___ ___.
A. the former was easy to write
B. there were fewer signs in the former
C. the former was easy to pronounce
D. each sign stood for only one sound
29. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.
B. The Egyptians liked to write comicstrip stories.
C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.
D. The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.
30. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ___ ___.
A. should be made comprehensible
B. should be made interesting
C. are of much use in our life
D. have disappeared from our life
SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］
In this section there are six passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
31. This letter is written by a ___ ___.
A. prospective salesperson
B. high school student
C. publisher
D. manager
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
28 Beach Road,
Newtown.
March 20th, 2000
The Manager,
Royal Publishers,
P.O.Box 446
Newtown.
Dear Sir,
I am 18 years old, and I graduated from Newtown High School last October. At high school my main subjects were English, business studies, history, athletics and science.
I would be very interested in working as a salesman. I am very interested in books, and I have always been interested in the publishing business. I enjoy meeting and talking to people.
I enclose two letters of reference, a photograph, and my school academic record. I would be available for an interview at any time. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Jack Eastwood
TEXT F
First read the following question.
32. The general idea of the passage is that _____.
A. doctors can produce magic
B. medicine has magic power
C. modern medicine can cure all illnesses
D. a healthy mind is also a cure for illness
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
For more than five thousand years Chinese doctors have used needles to fight illness. This kind of medicine is called acupuncture. The doctor studies the sick person carefully. Then he puts needles into that person’s body at the right places for his illness. Chinese doctors believe that they can control the body’s natural forces in this way. At first, doctors in the West thought that this was just another kind of magic. Recently, however, they have found out that it is possible to cure many illnesses like this because the needles help the body to produce its own “medicines”. In this way the body cures itself.
Nowadays doctors can do a lot of wonderful things. They can use thousands of medicines. They can give you pills and injections. They can even give you mechanical legs or a new heart. Sometimes modern medicine works like magic. But there are still a lot of illnesses that drugs and machines cannot cure completely. Medicine is not only a science; it is an art, too. And in the art of medicine, the mind is very important. You will not have a healthy body unless you have a healthy mind.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
33. Who will best fit the vacancy described in the ad?
A. A receptionist with secondaryschool education.
B. A typist with three years of working experience.
C. A young college graduate with a management degree.
D. A middleaged clerk with some working knowledge of computers.
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Administration trainee
We have a vacancy for a trainee in our head office.
Main duties will be office work with some reception and telephone work. Training
will be given in the use of a computer. The successful applicant will have college level education in businessrelated subjects and will be able to work with a minimum of supervision. Typing skills essential. Age range preferably 21-24. Go
od working conditions.
Please apply in writing, stating age, qualifications, and other relevant information to:
Administration Manager,
STARTEX OIL. P.O.Box 355,
Westport.
TEXT H
First read the following questions.
34. When are guests allowed?
A. Any day. B. Saturday. C. Friday. D. After 6 p.m.
35. What must club members bring with them?
A. Towels. B. Locker keys.
C. Swimming caps. D. Registration cards.
Now read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
JUBILEE SWIMMING CLUB REGULATIONS
All swimmers must shower before they enter the pool.
Diving is only allowed from the divingboard.
Running and playing near the pool is not permitted.
Club members may bring guests at weekends only.
Children under 12 are not allowed to use the pool unless accompanied by an
adult.
Members must show their membership cards at the registration desk.
Used towels must be placed in the bins provided.
Smoking is not allowed in the changingroom.
Guests must sign at the registration desk.
All bathers must leave the pool by 6 p.m.
Clothes must be placed in the lockers provided. Keys are available at the
registration desk.
Only club members and their families are allowed to use the pool.
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
36. By 1965 HMS Belfast had been in service for ___ ___ years.
A. 38 B. 33 C. 25 D. 27
37. The warship is now being used as a ___ ___.
A. a training center B. museum
C. cargo ship D. hotel
Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
HMS Belfast is a cruiser. She was launched in March 1938 and served throughout the Second World War, playing a leading part in the destruction of the German battlecruiser Scharnhorst at the Battle of North Cape and in the Normandy Landings.
After the war, she supported United Nations forces in Korea and remained in service with the Royal Navy until 1965.
In 1971 she was saved for the nation as a unique and historic reminder of Britain’s naval heritage in the first half of the 20th century.
A free guide leaflet is available to help you find your way around this huge and complex warship and your tour will take you from the ship’s Quarterdeck up to the top of her Bridge and all the way down through seven decks to her massive Boiler and Engine Rooms, well below the ship’s waterline.
TEXT J
First read the following questions.
38. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide information on ___ ___.
A. how to open a bank account
B. how to apply for a course
C. who can go to universities
D. who is eligible for a grant
39. Who can get the grant?
A. A foreign student who has been there for 11 months.
B. A British pupil in a secondary school.
C. A British student who studies in the University.
D. A university graduate who wants to continue his studies.
40. A 31yearold nurse wishes to study medicine at a university. She has worked
since she was 25. How much extra money will she get a year?
A. 100 pounds. B. 155 pounds.
C. 615 pounds. D. 715 pounds.
Now read Text J quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
GETTING A GRANT
Who can get this money? Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course, although a student who has already attended a course of advanced further education may not. Students must also have been resident in the UK for at least three years, which can exclude some students from overseas.
SPECIAL CASES
If a student has worked before college: A student who is 26 or more before the course starts and who has worked for at least three of the previous six years will get extra money — 155 pounds a year if 26, increasing to a maximum of 615 pounds at 29 or more.Banking: Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open accounts. A student won’t usually have to pay bank charges as long as the account
stays in credit.
重 点 词 汇
spur: 鞭策，刺激
circulation: 发行量
comic strip: 连环漫画
diagram: 图表
adobe: 土坯
quarters: 住处
squash: 南瓜
[JP3]elaborate: 精细的a.，详细阐述v.
ritual: 典礼、礼仪
hide: 兽皮
panic: 警惕
seismic: 地震的
tsunamis: 海啸
submarine: 水下的、海底的
veil: 隐藏
evolve: 进化、发展
costume: 装束、服装
mime: 模仿
revival: 复活、苏醒
prospective: 预期的
enclose: 放入、装入
acupuncture: 针灸
supervision: 监督、管理
locker: 带锁的衣柜
cruiser: 巡洋舰
heritage: 遗产, 继承物
参考答案及详解
1. C) 根据上下文，此空应该为介词，故选项A和B可被
排除，因为它们后边 不能直接跟名词短语。根据句义，选项C为正确答案。
2. D) 根据语义线索（报纸有一个基本目的就是以最快速度从新闻来源处得
到新闻）可知选项D为正确答案。
3. C) 根据语义线索选项C know 为正确答案。
4. B) 此题涉及other, another 两词的用法。Other可以单独使用也可以和
定冠词the一起使用，other一般用来修饰表示不确定所指的复数可数名词，意为
“其他”；the other用来指代或修饰特定范围内的第二者或第三者等，
不合适。Another一般修饰可数名词单数，不合适。One another是相互代
词，不能作限定词。综上，根据语法线索，选项B为正确答案。
5. A) 根据上下文，该句句义有转折，故表示转折意义的关系副词选项A
However为正确答案。其它三词：and为表示并列关系的并列连词；
therefore和so为表示因果关系的关系副词。
6. D) 根据上下文，报纸报道新闻应该发展更新更快的通讯方式，可知其目
的
是为提高速度从而提高效率。故选项D为正确答案。
7. C) 此题可用排除法。根据语义线索（今天印刷的和人们阅读的报纸比以
往任何时候都多）可将A，B和D排除。
8. D) 此题涉及动词keep的用法。动词keep后可接复杂宾语结构，
即宾语+宾语补语的结构。形容词，ed分词，
ing分词等都可作宾补。其中ed分词表示被动含义；
ing分词表示主动含义。此句句义为“除了使读者知悉最新的新闻外 … ”，因此根据语
法线索，含有被动意义的选项D为正确答案。
9. B)根据句义可知此空应使用意为“通过”的介词。故选项B through
为正确答案。
10. B) 根据上下文可推断此句大概句义为“报纸通过广告维持它们
的存在”，故选项B existence“存在”为正确答案。
11. C) 根据上下句句义可以推断，报纸不是通过出售其本身所得来维持其
生存，而是通过刊登广告的收入来维持其生存，并且对于大多数的报纸来说主要的经费来源
是商业广告，而不是出售报纸，因此可以猜测出报纸的售价不能涵盖其制作印刷成本，因此
选项C为正确答案。其它三项意义不符。
12. A) 根据上句可推断此句的答案只能从A、B两项之间产生。Origin意为
“起源，根源”不合适。故选项A source“来源”为正确答案。
13. C) 根据此句义“这（报纸对广告商的价值）是以报纸的发行量来衡量
” 及上下文可推断此空应填动词的被动形式，故选项C为正确答案。
14. B) 选项B为ed分词作后置定语。
15. D) 根据词汇线索和语义线索可知，此处需要使用介词about，表示“关
于社区、国家和世界的信息”。
16. D) 根据阅读短文可知，作者主要描述了北美地区不同印第安部落的不
同的生活方式 。故选项D为正确答案。
17. B) 此题为推断题。根据文章第一段可知，早在一千年前Hopi和Zuni两
支北美印第安部落就用一种砖坯“adobe”来建造房屋，高可达四层楼高，有居住室还有储
藏室，颇像现代的公寓，故选项B（高度发达）为正确答案。
18. C) 可用排除法来找出此题的答案。题干要求找出无法从文章中得出结
论的一项。根据文章第一段第一句到第三句可知“随着深度的增加，地震的数量随之减少”
，可得出结论选项A“地震的数量和深度密切相关”，故排除。根据文章第一段第五行“… in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much.”（接近地表
处地震的发生频率可高达每月一百多次，但是年平均地震数量却变化不大。）可排除选项B
Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.（每年发生的地震数量大致
相同）；根据文章第一段可得出以下结论：地震主要发生在离地表十五公里的范围之内，尽
管深达460公里的深处也有地震发生，但是每隔几年才发生一次。故可排除选项D Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.（地震主要发生在地表处）。综上可知
，选项 C 为正确答案。
19. A) 文章第二段首先举例说明运用不同的建筑方法和材料所修建的房屋
的抗震能力是不同的，进而就提到了发生在摩洛哥Agadir的地震虽然震级不大，却摧毁了整
个城市，而许多更强烈的地震所造成的损失却很小，由此作者得出结论：如果建筑物修建得
好并且建在坚固的地面上，那么它就能抵御地震；地震中大多数的死亡是由于不良的建筑结
构或不当的建筑地点造成的。由此可知作者引用摩洛哥的Agadir的毁灭主要是要说明不良的
建筑结构（faulty building construction），故选项A为正确答案。
20. B) 根据文章第三段可知，联合国在地震减灾方面起到了非常重要的作
用，它派出了许多地震专家到饱受地震袭扰的国家，与当地的地质学家和工程师一起研究当
地的地质构造及适合当地的实用的建筑法规，并且如果这些专家提出的建议得到采纳，灾难
性的地震就会成为历史。因此这四个选项中，最合适的是B put forward proposals “提出
建议”，故其为正确答案。
21. C) 根据文章最后一段，海啸的移动速度缓慢，使人们得以及早发现，
以提前向沿岸的居民发出警告，离开海边到高地去，但是人们却无法阻止到来的巨浪。故选
项C be warned early enough为正确答案。
22. A) 这是一道主旨题。根据文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.”及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.”可知本文是讨
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if
inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on
your ANSWER SHEET.
We all know that a magician does not really depend on “magic” to perform his
tricks, but on his ability to act at great speed. ___ 1___, this does not pr
event us from enjoying watching a magician ___ 2___ rabbits from a hat.
___ 3___ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in
1926. Houdini mastered the art of ___ 4___. He could free himself from the tightest
knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. ___ 5___ no one really
knows how he did this, there is no doubt ___ 6___ he had made a close study
of every type of lock ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needlelike
tool strapped to his leg and he used this in place of a key.
Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They
___ 7 ___ him in chains and locked him up, but he freed himself___
8 ____ an instant. The police ___ 9___ him of having used a tool and locked him up again. T
his time he wore no clothes and there were chains round his neck, waist, wrists,
and legs; but he again escaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his
“needle” in a waxlike ___ 10 ____ and
dropped it on the floor in the passage. ___ 11___ he went past, he step
ped on it so that it stuck to the bottom o
f his foot. His most famous escape, however, was ___ 12___ astonishing.
He was heavily chained up and enclosed in an empty wooden chest, the lid of
___ 13 ____ was nailed down. The ___ 14___ was dropped into the sea in New Yo
rk harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface. When the chest was___ 15___,
it was opened and the chains were found inside.
1. A. Generally B. However C. Possibly D. Likewise
2. A. to produce B. who produces
C. produce D. how to produce
3. A. Out of the question B. Though
C. Probably D. Undoubted
4. A. escaping B. locking C. opening D. dropping
5. A. Surprisingly B. Obviously C. Perhaps D. Although
6. A. if B. whether C. as to D. that
7. A. involved B. closed C. connected D. bound
8. A. at B. by C. in D. for
9. A. rid B. charged C. accused D. deprived
10. A. candle B. mud C. something D. substance
11. A. As B. Usually C. Maybe D. Then
12. A. overall B. all but C. no longer D. altogether
13. A. it B. which C. that D. him
14. A. chest B. body C. lid D. chain
15. A. brought up B. sunk C. broken apart D. snapped
PART Ⅱ ［30 MIN.］
SECTION A ［25 MIN.］
In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
Glacier National Park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.
With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a landuse planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocal agreement that calls for resourcemanaging agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with objective of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and the county, is helping to restrict smalllot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.
The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that congress would impose a legislative solution. Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area. Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a dramatically improved understanding of all concerns.
16. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. the endangered species in Glacier National Park
B. the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park
C. conservation laws imposed by the state of Montana
D. conservation laws imposed by Congress
17. Why are the private lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important?
A. They function as a hunting preserve.
B. They are restricted to government use.
C. They are heavily populated.
D. They contain natural habitats of threatened species.
18. The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may best be described as ______.
A. indifferent B. intimate
C. cooperative D. disappointing
19. It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of Glacier
National Park is to ______.
A. limit land development around the park
B. establish a new park in Montana
C. influence national legislation
D. settle border disputes with Canada
TEXT B
As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenthcentury North American Colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it. Only a few silversmiths were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in the eighteenth century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths’ prestige. They handled the most expensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers’ prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time before neighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, silver articles were readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications, they always carried the silversmith’s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved. Customers generally secure the silver for the silver object they ordered. They saved coins, took them to smiths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand, shaped them and pressed designs into them for adornment. Engraving was also done by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers sought more intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting parts separately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithing also come of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper’s ability to conduct heat efficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it was expensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copper worked by Smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper goods. Copper was used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it to fashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver or melted it in a foundry with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritime and scientific instruments.
20. According to the passage, which of the following eighteenth century
developments had strong impact on silversmiths?
A. A decrease in the cost of silver.
B. The invention of heatefficient furnaces.
C. The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants.
D. The development of new tools used to shape silver.
21. In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make
silver articles?
A. From their own mines.
B. From importers.
C. From other silversmiths.
D. From customers.
22. The passage mentions all of the following as uses for copper in Colonial America
EXCEPT ______.
A. cooking pots
B. scientific instruments
C. musical instruments
D. maritime instruments
23. According to the passage, silversmiths and coppersmiths in colonial America were similar in which of the following ways?
A. The amount of social prestige they had.
B. The way they shaped the metal they worked with.
C. The cost of the goods they made.
D. The practicality of the goods they made.
TEXT C
When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. The heroes were Jewish and the villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend, the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just came with territory. Essentially we were Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part grade
school English, part kitchen Yiddish.
One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and I were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle’s car. We had been out for a ride and now we were back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mother and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father, in whose lap I was sitting, said out the window at the speeding car, “That’s all right. Nothing but
a few Jews in here.” In an instant I knew everything. I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was humiliated man, without power or standing.
When I was sixteen,a girl in the next building had her nose straightened; we all went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from which would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away
a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote “Arnold Brown” instead of “Arnold Braunowiitz”. The news swept through the neighborhood like a wild fire. A nose job? A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful. It was frightening; it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn’t standstill. Things felt lively and active. Selfconfidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. That’s what it meant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there.
But who exactly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arnie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, pushing me forward. “The girl goes to college, too,” she said. And I did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my mother’s going to college, and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the Bronx to Manhattan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the Bronx, but get out into what? I did not actually imagine myself a working person alone in
Manhattan and nobody else did either. What I did imagine was that I would marry
, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would brave the perils of
class and race, and somehow I’d be there alongside him.
24. In the passage, we can find the author was ______.
A. quite satisfied with her life
B. a poor Jewish girl
C. born in a middleclass family
D. a resident in a rich area in New York
25. Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted ___
___.
A. to look her best
B. to find a new job in the neighborhood
C. to live a new life in other places
D. to marry very soon
26. Arnold Brown changed his name because ______.
A. there was racial discrimination in employment
B. Brown was just the same as Braunowiitz
C. it was easy to write
D. Brown sounds better
27. From the passage we can infer that ______.
A. the Jews were satisfied with their life in the Bronx
B. the Jewish immigrants could not be rich
C. all the immigrants were very poor
D. the young Jews didn’t accept the stern reality
TEXT D
Nature’s Gigantic Snow Plough
On January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people.
This disaster is one of the most ___devastating____ examples of a very common event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It just keeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long before this happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.
Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.
At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, luckily, they are very rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives.
28. The first paragraph catches the reader’s attention with a ___
___.
A. firsthand report
B. dramatic description
C. tall tale
D. vivid world picture
29. In this passage ___devastating____ means ______.
A. violently ruinous
B. spectacularly interesting
C. stunning
D. unpleasant
30. The passage is mostly about ______.
A. avalanches
B. glaciers
C. Peru
D. mountains
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following questions.
31. Bush fires are most likely to occur in Australia in ___
___.
A. December and January
B. April
C. July, August and September
D. May and June
32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that contributes to
great fire danger?
A. Sultry weather.
B. Cigarettes thrown out of car windows.
C. Pine forests.
D. Windstorm.
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Every summer in Australia there is the danger of bush fires. Long periods of hot dry weather cause the grass and trees to become highly inflammable. As well as the dryness and high temperature, an important factor is the great amount of oil in the leaves of such trees as eucalyptus, and gum trees.
Fires start very easily, often spontaneously, but usually because of a carelessly thrown cigarette or match. If there is a high wind, the ample supply of air fans the flames into an inferno. The radiant heat vaporizes the oil in the leaves, and the fire travels very quickly, sometimes overtakes fleeing cars and burns passengers to death.
Great fires often occur around Christmas, in areas near big cities, causing great loss of life and property.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
33. According to the passage, how many people on earth spoke English twenty years ago?
A. About 300 million.
B. Roughly 500 million.
C. More than 600 million.
D. One seventh of the whole population.
34. What Burchfield says roughly means ______.
A. an educated person will be deprived of civil rights if he doesn’t learn
English
B. an educated person will be looked down upon if he knows not English
C. an educated person is hindered in his life if he does not know the language
D. knowledge of English helps him get rich in many ways
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language. It was spread by British colonialists. It got a boost from American GI’s, and it was cemented by the multinational corporation. Today, like it or curse it, English is the closest thing to a lingua franca around the globe. Roughly 700 million people speak it——an increase of 40 percent in the last twenty years and a total that represents more than oneseventh of the world’s population.
It has replaced French in the world of diplomacy and German in the field of science. It is the dominant language of medicine, electronics and space technology, of international business and advertising, of radio, television and film. Says Robert Burchfield, editor of the Oxford English Dictionary: “Any literate, educated person is deprived if he does not know English.”
TEXT G
First read the following questions.
35. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The mechanics of rain.
B. The weather patterns of North America.
C. How Earth’s gravity affects agriculture.
D. Types of clouds.
36. Ice crystals do not immediately fall to Earth because ___
___.
A. they are kept aloft by air currents
B. they combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere
C. most of them evaporate
D. their electrical charges draw them away from the earth
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth. The Earth’s gravity pulls it. But every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals. Why doesn’t rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them is minute. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion.
Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight. To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction. But in fact dust particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall. The average size of a cloud droplet is only 0.0004 inch in diameter. It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of moving air at all. Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 0.0008 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud. The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation. This important growth process is called “coalescence”.
TEXT H
First read the following questions.
37. The 1030 bus leaving Miami at 5:45 p.m. arrives at Jacksonville at 2:35 a.m. after
a stop at ______.
A. Naples B. Sarasota
C. Orlando D. Daytona Beach
38. Judging from the bus time schedule, the cities which are most
likely closest to one
another geographically are ______.
A. Hollywood and Fort Lauderdale
B. Orlando and Jacksonville
C. Miami and Hollywood
D. Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach
Now read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Bus Schedule
GREYHOUND
MIAMI TO JACKSONVILLE
10301010
MIAMIA
JAXBOS
MIAMILv5:4511:45
HOLLYWOOD6:30
FT. LAUDERDALE6:55
WEST PALM BEACHLv8:10
Ft. Pierc
Melbourne
Cocoa
JACKSONVILLEAr
NaplesLv
Ft. MyersLv
SARASOTA
Bradenton
ST. PETERSBURGLv
TAMPALv
Lakeland
ORLANDOLv11:55
Daytona BeachLv
St. Augustine
JACKSONVILLEAr2:356:45
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
39. The best title is ______.
A. How to use credit cards
B. Advantages and disadvantages of credit cards
C. How to spend less with credit cards
D. How to avoid the disadvantages of credit cards
40. The passage is probably taken from ______.
A. a financial journal
B. a traveling guide
C. a shopping guide
D. newspapers
Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
CREDIT CARDS
ADVANTAGES
1. Used for emergencies, when something expensive breaks and needs to be fixed or replaced immediately. Many people think that this is the most important reason for having credit cards.
2. Used to avoid inflation, when you want to buy now to get cheaper prices instead of waiting until later, when the price will go up.
3. Used as a shopping convenience, when you do not want to carry cash or checks, and you want to have a record of what you have spent every month. Credit cards also make it easier to shop by telephone or mail.
4. Used as a loan, when you want to spend more money than you now have, and you know you will have more money in the future to pay the money back.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Possibility of spending too much: Because you are using plastic cards instead of cash or checks, it is easy to forget how much you have spent. Keeping a written record each time you use the credit card can help you avoid this problem.
2. High cost of credit: The interest rate for credit cards is the highest of all types of loans. If you use credit cards as a way to borrow money, it is important to find the card with the lowest interest rate. You can also find out about consumer loans from banks that probably have a lower interest rate.
3. High credit payments in the future: The more you use credit cards now, the more money you will need to pay to the bank each month. That means less money will be available to spend on other things you want.
