---Tom is a brave man.     ---Yes, but not Tom.

6)      其他否定结构

情态动词与not不一定维持原来的意义。如：

mustn’t 不准许, can’t 不可能, needn’t 不必; 均为must的否定式

oughtn’t可换成shouldn’t

may not可能不, mustn’t 不可以

7)      肯定结构表否定意义

肯定结构表否定意义多出现在比较级的否定。如：

I like nothing better.

No one is so blind as those that won’t see.= Those that won’t see are the most blind.

He has more books that he can read.

He is more proud than vain.

He was less hurt than frightened.

8) 含蓄否定（Implied Negation）

通过其他词汇，语法结构或修辞手段来代替否定词或半否定词或间接否定。如：

动词：fail, miss, deny, refuse, protect…from,  prevent… from等。如：

He missed the target

名词：ignorance, absence stranger等。如：

Did anything happen during my absence?

形容词或短语：far from, free from, short of, ignorant of , absent from等。如：

The problem is far from complicated.

介词：above, beyond, beneath, past, out of 等。如：

The motor is out of repair.

A real man is above flattery.

连词：before , (rather)than等如：

He would fight to death before he surrendered.

比喻法：in the dark , lost at sea, late in the day等。如：

It is rather late in the day to raise objections, now that tha transfer order has been issued.现在调令已经来了， 你不同意未免为时太晚。

其他词或词组： nearly, all but, almost, come near/close等。如：

He all but broke the world record.他差一点破了世界记录。

本文大致把英语的否定形式作了大致的罗列和总结，结论很明显，英语的否定确实是异彩纷呈。虽仍挂一漏万，却提醒我们对否定的理解切不可局限于no, not等否定词，而是要处处留心，方为学习的要津。

参考文献

1．郑声涛等《英语中的肯定与否定》

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