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下一篇链接：2003年12月全国大学英语四级考试作文题 |
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Questions 31to 35are based on the following passage：
Cloning，manipulating a cell from an animal so that it grows into an exact copy of that animal，is the forbidden fruit of biotechnology． Some scientists were so sure it could not be done that，in the 1970s，they discouraged moralists（伦理学家）from discussing its moral implications．Yet at the same time other scientists，secretly，in out-of-the-way labs，were getting ever closer to making clones．For ten years，scientists have been cloning sheep and cows from embryo（胚胎）cells．But so far Dolly is the only animal cloned from an adult cell，not from an embryo． She is living proof that scientists have solved one of the most challenging problems of cell biology．
The question now is how soon will scientists clone humans．"Nature"，the scientific journal that published the Dolly paper，commented，"Cloning humans from adults tissues is likely to be achievable any time from one to ten years from now．"Most scientists agree there is no insurmountable obstacle in human cloning．But a human clone，even though it might resemble the individual from whom it was made，would differ dramatically in personality and character，intelligence and talents．"You will never get 100 percent identity，"says psychologist Jerome Kagan of Harvard，"because of chance factors and because environments are never exactly the same．"
That，however，is small comfort to many people．Shortly after Dolly's birth announcement，President Clinton ordered a group of experts to come up with proposals for government action．With the cloning of humans within reach，whether it is to be banned or regulated is now on the nation's moral agenda（议事日程）． Some regard the cloning of humans as inherently evil，a morally unjustifiable intrusion into human life．They measure the morality of any act by the intention behind it；still others are concerned primarily with consequences for society as well as for individuals．
For the moment it seems that the latest achievement in the biotech field has provided everyone with food for thought．
31．In what way is Dolly different from earlier clones？
A）It is cloned from human embryo．
B）It is cloned from a human cell．
C）It is cloned from an adult cell．
D）It is cloned from an adult embryo．
32．What is the prospect，according to most scientists，of making clones from adult human tissues？
A）Such clones will be exactly like the one from whom it was made．
B）It would be possible within the decade．
C）There still exist some technical problems．
D）It is impossible to make such clones in one to ten years from now．
33．Why did Clinton order a group of experts to make proposals for government action？
A）He wants to quicken the pace of cloning research．
B）The success of cloning involves serious moral evaluation problems．
C）He wants to ban the human cloning research．
D）He is worried about the funding of the further research．
34．"Food for thought"in the last paragraph means ________．
A）worry for food
B）increased food to be expected
C）something worthy of consideration
D）reasons for deep understanding
35．The best title for the selection can be ________．
A）BiotechnologicalSuccess And Its Possible Consequences
B）Dolly Is Only The Beginning
C）The Definition Of Cloning
D）Cloning Humans From Adults'Tissues
Questions 36to 40are based on the following passage：
Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has．There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding，being blocked，not moving ahead．It is an evil circle．Failure breeds fatigue，and fatigue makes it harder to get to work，which adds to the fatigue．
We experience this tiredness in two main ways，as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue．In the former case，we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up．Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult，we avoid it．And the longer we postpone it，the more tired we feel．
Such start-up fatigue is very real，even not actually physical，not something in our muscles and bones．The remedy is obvious，though perhaps not easy to apply：willpower exercise．The moment I find myself turning away from a job， or putting it under a pile of things I have to do， I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first．To prevent start-up fatigue，always treat the most difficult job first．
Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle．Here we are willing to get started，but we can't seem to do the job right．Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work，we fail again and again．The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue．In such a situation，I work as hard as I can，then let the unconscious take over．
36．Which of the following can be called an evil circle？
A）Success-zeal-success-zeal．
B）Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness．
C）Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness．
D）Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion．
37．According to the passage ，when keeping putting off a task，we can experience ________．
A）tiredness
B）performance fatigue
C）start-up fatigue
D）unconsciousness
38．To overcome start-up fatigue ，we need ________ ．
A）toughness
B）prevention
C）muscles
D）strong willpower
39．The word"insurmountable"in the last paragraph probably means ________ ．
A）that can not be solved
B）that can not be understood
C）that can not be imagined
D）that can not be objected
40．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？
A）It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue．
B）Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked．
C）One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle．
D）Fatigue often accompanies fatigue．
Part III Vocabulary and Structure（20 minutes）
Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．
41．I haven't got the ________ idea of what you mean．Would you please make it clear to me？
A）lightest
B）furthest
C）smallest
D）faintest
42．We've ________ salt．Ask Mrs．Jones to lend us some．
A）run away with
B）run over
C）run off
D）run out of
43．He was always ill for a time，but he managed to ________ ．
A）pull on
B）pull in
C）pull up
D）pull through
44．He ________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions．
A）continually
B）continuously
C）consistently
D）consequently
45．The actors have to ________ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television．
A）cover up
B）make up
C）paint up
D）do up
46．When the whole area was ________ by flood，the government sent food there by helicopter．
A）cut away
B）cut down
C）cut up
D）cut off
47．They have left New York ________ good；they'll never go back and live there again．
A）for
B）at
C）by
D）in
A）attracted
B）got
C）caught
D）met
49．To develop lightindustry in abig way ________ to improving the people's livelihood．
A）owes
B）attributes
C）distributes
D）contributes
50．As they haven't a child of their own，they are going to ________ a little girl．
A）accept
B）receive
C）adapt
D）adopt
53．No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to ________ ．
A）the other
B）any other
C）another
D）other
54．The dog has ________ its affection to its new master．
A）transferred
B）transformed
C）transported
D）transmitted
55．Although he was neat and well-groomed，he was somehow unattractive in ________ ．
A）outlook
B）look
C）appearance
D）feature
56．The chimney is no longer ________ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere，as protective filters are being used．
A）giving away
B）giving off
C）giving in
D）giving up
57．It's no good ________ until I'm reasonably sure when I'll be able to go for my holiday．
A）deciding
B）to decide
C）to have decided
D）being decided