Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in with people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research show mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.
One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This all part of the "information revolution," a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.
21. Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great importance ______.
A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B) it can reflect the development of the nation
C) it helps understand the nation’s Fast and present
D) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization
22. It can be learned from this passage that ______.
A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music
B) Near Eastern music had influence on the of the instruments in the symphony orchestra
C) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music
D) the musical instruments in the symphony basis of Near Eastern music
23. According to the author, music notation is important because______ .
A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
