1. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished. (2002.12)
A) had lost B) would lose
C) would have lost D) should have lost
2. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now. (1999.01)
A) wouldn’t be smiling B) couldn’t have smiled
C) smile D) didn’t smile
3. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else. (2000.12)
A) to share B) to have shared C) share D)sharing
解题小贴士
1. 【C】
这句话的虚拟从句被主句用逗号隔开,had they been done by hand是与过去发生的事实相反的假设,主句要用虚拟语气,且有by the time这个时间状语,主句要用完成时态。
正确答案为C,题目译文为:如果用手工计算的话,那些成千上万的演算等完成以后就已失去了其实用价值。
2. 【A】
这是一个错综条件句,从句中说的是过去发生的事,主句表示的是现在的事,从now这个词我们就可以知道是对现在的虚拟。所以正确答案是A,题目译文为:如果当你摔下来的时候,我没站在楼梯上接住你的话,你现在就不可能笑了。
3. 【C】
本句是考核对rather的用法,would rather…than“宁可……(也)不愿”,是个典型的平行结构,would rather后跟的是谓语动词,than后也应跟谓语动词。正确答案为C,题目译文为:无论这个房间有多小,我也宁愿有一个自己的房间,而不愿与别人同住一室。
名师授招
虚拟语气用法一:
1. 虚拟语气用在if引导的条件状语从句中。
注:
(1)有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将had、should、were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。
(2)在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如:
① If I were you,I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)
② If he had followed the doctor’s advice,he would recover already. 如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
2. 虚拟语气用在would rather(共考过六次),would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中,意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:
(1)To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case.
(2)I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.
注:
(1)若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形。
【例】I would rather stay at home today.
(2)would rather… than……中用动词原形。
【例】I would rather stay at home than go out today.
3. 虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that或in case引导的目的状语从句中。
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防、以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should+动词原形构成,should也可省略。
【例】He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚,以免他再犯。
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